James P. Pennington (1807-1870) was an influential African American composer and musician, primarily recognized for his contributions to spirituals and hymns. He is best known for his work "The New Jubilee Songs," which was published in 1872. Pennington's music often incorporated themes of hope and resilience, reflecting the struggles and aspirations of the African American community during his time. Though not as widely recognized as some of his contemporaries, Pennington's impact on the development of African American musical traditions, particularly in the context of spirituals, is notable. His works helped pave the way for future generations of musicians and composers within the genre, contributing to the rich tapestry of American music. His legacy is a testament to the power of music in expressing cultural identity and social issues.